In modern times, various religious or scientific agencies in Muslim countries produce annual prayer timetables for each locality, and electronic clocks capable of calculating local prayer times have been created.

Because the start and end times for prayers are related to the solar diurnal motion, they vary throughout the year and depend on the local latitude and longitude when expressed in local time. In a mosque, the muezzin broadcasts the call to prayer at the beginning of each interval. For example, the Maghrib prayer can be performed at any time after sunset and before the disappearance of the red twilight from the west. The timing of the five prayers are fixed intervals defined by daily astronomical phenomena. The direction of prayer is called the qibla the early Muslims initially prayed in the direction of Jerusalem before this was changed to Mecca in 624 CE, about a year after Muhammad's migration to Medina. Most Muslims pray five times a day, with their prayers being known as Fajr (before dawn), Dhuhr (afternoon), Asr (late afternoon), Maghrib (after sunset), and Isha (nighttime), always facing towards the Kaaba.

All schools of thought agree that any given prayer cannot be performed before its stipulated time. There are varying opinions regarding the exact salah times, the schools of Islamic thought differing in minor details. They depend on the condition of the Sun and geography. Prayer times are standard for Muslims in the world, especially the fard prayer times. Muslims believe the salah times were taught by Allah to Muhammad. The term is primarily used for the five daily prayers including the Friday prayer, which takes the place of the Dhuhr prayer and must be performed in a group of worshippers. Salat times are prayer times when Muslims perform salat. Sundial indicating prayer times, situated in the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia.

Prayer in ramadan time